Optimal Design of TD-TI Controller for LFC Considering Renewables Penetration by an Improved Chaos Game Optimizer

This study presents an innovative strategy for load frequency control (LFC) using a combination structure of tilt-derivative and tilt-integral gains to form TD-TI controller. Furthermore, new improved optimization technique, namely the quantum chaos game optimizer (QCGO) is applied tune proposed controller in two-area interconnected hybrid power systems, while effectiveness QCGO validated via comparison its performance with traditional CGO other optimizers when considering 23 bench functions. Correspondingly, by comparing controllers, such as proportional-integral-derivative (PID) based on different optimizers, tilt-integral-derivative (TID) algorithm, TID where algorithm ensured patterns (i.e., step perturbation (SLP), series SLP, random variation (RLV)). challenges renewable energy penetration communication time delay are considered test robustness achieving more system stability. In addition, integration electric vehicles dispersed storage units both areas has been their grid The simulation results elucidate that can achieve stability under aforementioned challenges.